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Fiat G.50
The Fiat G.50 ''Freccia'' ("Arrow") was a World War II Italian fighter aircraft. First flown in February 1937, the G.50 was Italy’s first single-seat, all-metal monoplane〔Ethell 1995, p. 64.〕 with an enclosed cockpit and retractable Undercarriage to go into production. In early 1938, the ''Freccias'' served in the ''Regia Aeronautica'' (the Italian Air Force), and with its expeditionary arm, the ''Aviazione Legionaria'', in Spain, where they proved to be fast〔Gunston 1988, pp. 250–253.〕 and, as with most Italian designs, very manoeuvrable.〔Ethell 1995, p. 64.〕 However, it had inadequate weaponry (two Breda-SAFAT machine guns).〔Gunston 1988, p. 253.〕 The Fiat G.50 was also used in small numbers by the Croatian Air Force and 35 were flown to Finland, where they served with distinction,〔Gunston 1988, p. 253.〕 with an unprecedented kill/loss ratio of 33/1.〔Arena 1996, p. 483.〕
==Design==
The Fiat G.50 was designed by Giuseppe Gabrielli, who started planning a single-engined monoplane fighter in April 1935.〔''Avions Militaires 1919-1939 - Profils et Histoire'' 1979, p. 118.〕〔''Air International'' May 1988, pp. 251—252.〕 Work began on two prototypes in mid-summer 1936, construction was entrusted to the workshops of the CMASA (Costruzioni Meccaniche Aeronautiche S.A.), a subsidiary of Fiat at Marina di Pisa. Comandante Giovanni de Briganti, the chief test pilot of the G.50 program, who flew the first prototype on 26 February 1937 from Caselle airfield, Turin, reaching a top speed of and climbing to meters in six minutes, 40 seconds.〔〔Malizia 2004, p. 17.〕
The G.50 was a low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction, with a semi-monocoque fuselage with light alloy skinning, while the wings had a steel tube centre-section structure with duralumin outer wings and alloy skins. Flaps were fitted to the aircraft's wings to improve its take-off and landing performance. The powerplant was a single Fiat A.74 R.C.38 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, rated at for take-off and at enclosed in a NACA cowling and driving a three-bladed constant speed propeller. The pilot sat in an enclosed cockpit under a sliding transparent canopy. He was provided with a reflector sight to aim the fighter's armament of two 12.7 mm (.5 in) Breda-SAFAT machine guns with 300 rounds of ammunition per gun〔''https://docviewer.yandex.ru/?url=ya-disk%3A%2F%2F%2Fdisk%2FFiat_G50.pdf&name=Fiat_G50.pdf&c=53624123f2d6&page=77''〕 fitted ahead of the cockpit, synchronised to fire through the propeller. The aircraft was fitted with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage, with the mainwheels retracting inwards and a castoring tailwheel.〔''Air International'' May 1988, pp. 253–254.〕 It was the first front line Italian monoplane fighter with a retractable undercarriage, an enclosed cockpit and a constant speed propeller;〔''Air International'' May 1988, p. 251.〕 these improvements gave it a maximum speed that was 33 km/h (21 mph) faster than its contemporary, the Fiat CR.42 biplane.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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